Modification of cellulose and mineral fillers for paint and varnish materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31617/2.2024(52)06Keywords:
mineral fillers, bio-based fillers, chemical modification, coffee grounds, cellulose fibers.Abstract
To obtain high-quality materials and products for various purposes, it is necessary to ensure effective control of the complex physical and chemical processes that occur at the interface during the formation of the material structure. One of the key components of composite materials, such as coatings is fillers, which occupy most of the volume of these materials and significantly affect their structure and properties. The interaction between polar and non-polar phases, as well as the effect of surface energy on the physical and mechanical properties of composites, require further research to create stable and highly efficient systems. The aim of the article is to select water-repellents for modification of mineral and bio-based fillers, including cellulose, to ensure their effective incorporation into paint compositions including based biopolymer binders. The hypothesis assumes the suitability of Ukrainian mineral dispersed fillers and bio-based, including cellulose fillers. The researched materials include commercially available grades, as well as fillers obtained on the basis of ground coffee waste for use in thin-layer coating materials according to granulometric parameters, as well as after the necessary surface modification to ensure better compatibility with film formers (primarily biopolymers) in the coating structure. Optical microscopy, granulometric analysis, and determination of contact angles were used in the study. It was established, that stearic acid successfully modified calcium carbonate, achieving a wetting angle of 135°. Diatomaceous earth treated with XIAMETER PMX-0156 showed a maximum wetting angle of 147°, and coffee cake after treatment with Dynasylan 1175 showed 151°. For cellulosic fillers, XIAMETER MHX-1107 proved to be the best water repellent, effective without heat treatment, while spent coffee grounds required heat treatment for optimal modification. The research has established the optimal hydrophobic agents and processing conditions for bio-based fillers such as coffee cake and cellulose fibers. As a result, after chemical modification with silane compounds and heat treatment, fillers with high hydrophobic properties were obtained, which makes them promising for use in bio-based coating formulations.
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