Biopolymers for film formation of varnish-and-paint coatings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31617/2.2024(51)07Keywords:
biopolymers, polylactide, cellulose acetate butyrate, Hansen solubility parameter, plasticizer, paints, coatings.Abstract
The growth of markets for biopolymers (bio-based plastics) is limited due to the problems of expanding the fields of application, in particular varnish-and-paint coatings, and unsatisfactory ability to form films at room temperature. The aim of the article is to establish the conditions and factors of using biopolymers (plastics) as film formers of paint and varnish systems and to determine their Hansen compatibility (solubility) and surface energy parameters. The hypothesis is the assumption that the Hansen approach is applicable to the selection of compatible solvents and plasticizers for biopolymers and the possibility of using the latter for film formation of paint coatings. Biopolymers (cellulose acetate, polylactide, cellulose acetate butyrate) and a plasticizer (polyethylene glycol) were used, for which the chemical composition was determined using infrared spectroscopy and compatibility was determined by Hansen solubility parameters. The coating was created by applying polymer solutions to KRS-5 glass and drying at room temperature. The water wetting angles were determined by the droplet method using an optical microscope and a digital camera. The molecular structure of biopolymers was studied by IR spectroscopy, their solubility parameters were established according to Hansenʼs theory and the reasonable choice of plasticizers and solvents was made based on the modelling of the respective solubility spheres, followed by confirmation of a decrease in the minimum film formation temperature of the polymer and the assessment of the change in surface polarity. As a result of the conducted research, it has been shown that bio-based polymers can be used as film formers for solvent-based paint and varnish systems. The polylactide and acetobutyrate considered in this work are capable of forming films without defects at room temperature, but only when the plasticizer content is above 10 wt. %. The Hansen solubility coordinates for these polymers were determined, and the bio-based plasticizer suitable for both materials was selected based on the obtained values. The results of the study of the wetting angle showed that the addition of a plasticizer increases the surface energy of the films, which in turn causes a decrease in their wetting angle with water when added in an amount above 10 wt. %.
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