Biopolymers for film formation of varnish-and-paint coatings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31617/2.2024(51)07Keywords:
biopolymers, polylactide, cellulose acetate butyrate, Hansen solubility parameter, plasticizer, paints, coatings.Abstract
The growth of markets for biopolymers (bio-based plastics) is limited due to the problems of expanding the fields of application, in particular varnish-and-paint coatings, and unsatisfactory ability to form films at room temperature. The aim of the article is to establish the conditions and factors of using biopolymers (plastics) as film formers of paint and varnish systems and to determine their Hansen compatibility (solubility) and surface energy parameters. The hypothesis is the assumption that the Hansen approach is applicable to the selection of compatible solvents and plasticizers for biopolymers and the possibility of using the latter for film formation of paint coatings. Biopolymers (cellulose acetate, polylactide, cellulose acetate butyrate) and a plasticizer (polyethylene glycol) were used, for which the chemical composition was determined using infrared spectroscopy and compatibility was determined by Hansen solubility parameters. The coating was created by applying polymer solutions to KRS-5 glass and drying at room temperature. The water wetting angles were determined by the droplet method using an optical microscope and a digital camera. The molecular structure of biopolymers was studied by IR spectroscopy, their solubility parameters were established according to Hansenʼs theory and the reasonable choice of plasticizers and solvents was made based on the modelling of the respective solubility spheres, followed by confirmation of a decrease in the minimum film formation temperature of the polymer and the assessment of the change in surface polarity. As a result of the conducted research, it has been shown that bio-based polymers can be used as film formers for solvent-based paint and varnish systems. The polylactide and acetobutyrate considered in this work are capable of forming films without defects at room temperature, but only when the plasticizer content is above 10 wt. %. The Hansen solubility coordinates for these polymers were determined, and the bio-based plasticizer suitable for both materials was selected based on the obtained values. The results of the study of the wetting angle showed that the addition of a plasticizer increases the surface energy of the films, which in turn causes a decrease in their wetting angle with water when added in an amount above 10 wt. %.
References
Balla, E., Daniilidis, V., Karlioti, G., Kalamas, T., Stefanidou, M., Bikiaris, N. D., Vlachopoulos, A., Koumentakou, I., & Bikiaris, D. N. (2021). Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties-From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications. Polymers, 13(11), 1822. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13111822
Belletti, G., Buoso, S., Ricci, L. B., Guillem-Ortiz, A., Aragón-Gutiérrez, A., Bortolini, O., & Bertoldo, M. (2021). Preparations of Poly(lactic acid) Dispersions in Water for Coating Applications. Polymers, 13(16), 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162767
Briassoulis, D., Athanasoulia, I.-G., & Tserotas, P. (2022). PHB/PLA plasticized by olive oil and carvacrol solvent-cast films with optimised ductility and physical ageing stability. Polymer Degradation and Stability, (200), 109958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109958
Chieng, B. W., Ibrahim, N. A., Yunus, W. M. Z. W., & Hussein, M. Z. (2013). Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene glycol). Polymer Nanocomposites: Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets. Polymers, 6(1), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6010093
Cramer, J. (2017). The raw materials transition in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area: Added value for the Economy, Well-Being, and the environment. Environment, 59(3), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2017.1301167
Cuiffo, M., Snyder, J. E., Elliott, A., Romero, N., Kannan, S., & Halada, G. P. (2017). Impact of the fused deposition (FDM) printing process on polylactic acid (PLA) chemistry and structure. Applied Sciences, 7(6), 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7060579
Elnashaie, S. (2020) Water, energy, food and environment. Water, Energy, Food and Environment. https://doi.org/10.18576/wefej
Elsayed, K. A., Mahmoud, K. H., Haladu, S. A., Magami, S. M., Manda, A. A., Kayed, T., Baroot, A., Khan, M. Y., Çevik, E., Drmosh, Q., & Elhassan, A. (2023). Thermal, dielectric and optical studies on cellulose acetate butyrate-gold nanocomposite films prepared by laser ablation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, (23), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.012
Esmaeili, M., Pircheraghi, G., Bagheri, R., & Altstädt, V. (2018). Poly(lactic acid)/coplasticized thermoplastic starch blend: Effect of plasticizer migration on rheological and mechanical properties. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 30(4), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4517
Farsetti, S., Cioni, B., & Lazzeri, A. (2011). Physico‐Mechanical properties of biodegradable rubber toughened polymers. Macromolecular Symposia, 301(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201150311
Haas, D., Heinrich, S., & Greil, P. (2009). Solvent control of cellulose acetate nanofibre felt structure produced by electrospinning. Journal of Materials Science, 45(5), 1299-1306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4082-7
Hansen, C. T. (2007). Hansen Solubility Parameters. In CRC Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834
Ibrahim, M. M., Fahmy, T. Y., Salaheldin, E. I., Mobarak, F., Youssef, M. M., & Mabrook, M. R. (2015). Role of tosyl cellulose acetate as potential carrier for controlled drug release. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.7537/marslsj121015.16
Khouri, N. G., Bahú, J. O., Blanco-Llamero, C., Severino, P., Concha, V. O. C., & Souto, E. B. (2024). Polylactic acid (PLA): Properties, synthesis, and biomedical applications - A review of the literature. Journal of Molecular Structure, (1309), 138243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.138243
Li, L., Luo, X., Leung, P. H., & Law, H. K. W. (2015). Controlled release of borneol from nano-fibrous poly(L-lactic acid)/ cellulose acetate butyrate membrane. Textile Research Journal, 86(11), 1202-1209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517515603812
Lin, L., Ledesma‐Amaro, R., Ji, X., & Huang, H. (2023). Multienzymatic synthesis of nylon monomers from vegetable oils. Trends in Biotechnology, 41(2), 150-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.006
Moustafa, H., Kissi, N. E., Abou-Kandil, A. I., Abdel‐Aziz, M. S., & Dufresne, A. (2017). PLA/PBAT Bionanocomposites with Antimicrobial Natural Rosin for Green Packaging. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(23), 20132-20141. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05557
Nejström, M., Andreasson, B., Sjölund, J., Eivazi, A., Svanedal, I., Edlund, H., & Norgren, M. (2023). On structural and molecular order in cellulose acetate butyrate films. Polymers, 15(9), 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092205
Nilsson, R., Olsson, M., Westman, G., Matic, A., & Larsson, A. (2022). Screening of hydrogen bonds in modified cellulose acetates with alkyl chain substitutions. Carbohydrate Polymers, (285), 119188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119188
Ramanaiah, S., Rani, P. R., Sreekanth, T., & Reddy, K. S. (2011). Determination of Hansen solubility parameters for the solid surface of cellulose acetate butyrate by inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Macromolecular Science. Physics, 50(3), 551-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222341003784527
Scaffaro, R., Maio, A., Gulino, E. F., & Micale, G. D. M. (2020). PLA-based functionally graded laminates for tunable controlled release of carvacrol obtained by combining electrospinning with solvent casting. Reactive and Functional Polymers/Reactive & Functional Polymers, (148), 104490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104490
Singla, P., Mehta, R., Berek, D., & Upadhyay, S. (2012). Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Poly(lactic acid) and its Characterization using Size Exclusion Chromatography. Journal of Macromolecular Science. Pure and Applied Chemistry/Journal of Macromolecular Science. Part a. Pure & Applied Chemistry, 49(11), 963-970. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.722858
Sudiarti, T., Wahyuningrum, D., Bundjali, B., & Arcana, I. M. (2017). Mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared from cellulose acetate-lithium perchlorate. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, (223), 012052. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/223/1/012052
Tan, H., Kai, D., Pasbakhsh, P., Teow, S., Lim, Y. Y., & Pushpamalar, J. (2020). Electrospun cellulose acetate butyrate/polyethylene glycol (CAB/PEG) composite nanofibers: A potential scaffold for tissue engineering. Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, (188), 110713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110713
Undavalli, V. K., Ling, C., & Khandelwal, B. (2021). Impact of alternative fuels and properties on elastomer compatibility. Elsevier eBooks (pp. 113-132). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818314-4.00001-7
Wang, X., Chen, K., Liu, Y., He, R., & Wang, Q. (2023). Preparation and application of biodegradable and superhydrophobic polylactic acid/carnauba wax coating. Progress in Organic Coatings, (177), 107434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107434
Yadav, N., & Hakkarainen, M. (2021). Degradable or not? Cellulose acetate as a model for complicated interplay between structure, environment and degradation. Chemosphere, (265), 128731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128731
Karavayev T. A. (2014). Hydrophobicity of coatings made of water-dispersion paints and ways to increase it. Bulletin of the Cherkasy State Technological University, (2), 106-112.
