Assessment of technological pressure in Ukraine – EU trade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31617/3.2024(135)05Keywords:
export, import, trade relations, technological pressure, asymmetry, product complexity index.Abstract
Ukrainian-European trade relations are characterized by deformation and asymmetry due to significant differences between the level of technology of goods exported from Ukraine and imported from EU countries. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of technological disparities in bilateral trade between Ukraine and the EU. The study is based on the hypothesis that there is a negative trend in the dynamics of the technological complexity of Ukraineʼs export and import goods in trade with the EU, which is a consequence of the economic asymmetry of trading partners. To confirm the hypothesis, the following methods were used: factor analysis, data normalization, and index one. The results of the calculation of the normalized average weighted indices of the technological complexity of Ukrainian exports and imports in trade with the EU illustrate that the level of technological complexity of imported products is higher compared to exported ones, and the dynamics of the Ukrainian export complexity index is negative. The results of the factor analysis of the indices of the complexity of Ukraine's export and import in trade with the EU confirm that from 2011 to 2021, the share of technologically complex products in their structure has significantly decreased. In order to analyse the asymmetry of trade relations between Ukraine and EU countries, the authors suggest using the concept of technological pressure as the difference between the values of the weighted average indices of the complexity of import and export products. The results of the calculation of the indicator of technological pressure in Ukraine's trade relations with the EU confirm the trend towards a reduction in the share of high-tech products in favour of an increase in low-tech products. The revealed trend can be interpreted as a decrease in the technological capacity of Ukraine and a source of threats to national economic security. Overcoming the unfavourable trend in the structure of Ukraineʼs trade with the EU requires the development of a strategy for the economic development of the state aimed at increasing the technological level of exported products.
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