Economic rivalry between the USA and China in the technological sphere

Abstract

International experience proves that in the post-industrial era there is a direct correlation between technological innovations, the scientific and technical potential of the country, and its economic power. Technologies are becoming a driver of transformations not only in the economy, but also in geopolitics, having a critical impact on the comprehensive economic development and military power of states. In view of the uncertainty and tension in the relations between the United States and China, the problem of identifying the nature and directions of the rivalry between the world’s most influential countries in the technolo­gical sphere is becoming urgent. The aim of the article is to reveal the state and level of confrontation of economic rivalry between the United States and China in the technological sphere. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping and systemati­zation, and elements of the institutional approach were used. It has been determined that the newest stage of economic rivalry between states is characterized by the complication of the tools of competition and the expansion of the spheres of global confrontation. As an important prerequi­site for achievements in the technological sphere should be considered powerful institutional support: both in the United States and in China. The US leadership is based on: powerful economic potential; favorable investment climate; significant financial opportunities of the consumer sector; dominance in dual-purpose industries; high investment efficiency both in domestic and global markets. The achieve­ments of China in the technological sector can be defined as dynamic, and the activities of the state are focused on the formation of long-term competitive advantages. The combination of geopolitics and the priorities of technological confrontation reflects both open and latent competition between China and the USА, in particular for control over the instruments and norms that will determine the course of international relations in the medium and long term. The displacement of Chinese business from supply chains for high-tech sectors can lead to a significant reorganization of international production networks formed in recent decades and intensifi­cation of reshoring processes in many technolo­gical processes and links.