Regulations on the retraction of publications

An article retraction notice will be published when a material error invalidates the article's conclusions, or in cases of research and/or publication misconduct. The article may be withdrawn if:

• there is clear evidence that the results are unreliable, whether due to malpractice (such as fabricated data and image manipulation) or errors (such as experimental errors or miscalculations);
• research results have been previously published elsewhere without proper references, license or justification (for example, in cases of redundant or duplicate publication);
• research is plagiarized;
• there is evidence of fraudulent authorship;
• it is proven that the review process is compromised;
• there is evidence of unethical research and violation of professional ethical codes.

After the decision to retract the article:

• the «Retracted Article» watermark will be added to the published version of the article record;
• the title of the article will be headed by «Retracted article: [The article title]»;
• a separate retraction statement will be published under the title «Retraction: [The article title]». The journal editors sign this notice;

the retraction statement will be numbered and will have a DOI identifier.