The prohibition on filing identical claims as a manifestation of the negative effect of the res judicata principle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31617/3.2026(144)08Keywords:
res judicata, civil procedure, identity of claims, preclusion of claim, legal certainty, legal force of a court decision, Supreme Court.Abstract
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the principle of res judicata in civil procedure, in particular its negative effect arising from the prohibition of repeated consideration of identical claims. The author examines in detail the classic three-component test for determining the identity of claims. Particular attention is paid to a critical analysis of the practice of the Supreme Court, which involves attempts to use the concept of preclusion of a claim, which is inherent in the countries of the Anglo-American legal system, to limit the rights of individuals to appeal and cassation appeal. The study also highlights the problem of the interjurisdictional effect of the principle of res judicata and proposes legislative changes to the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is the system-structural method, which allows analyzing the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, which regulate the features of the implementation of the principle of res judicata in civil procedure; the comparative law method, which allows comparing approaches to understanding the preclusion of a claim within the continental and Anglo-American legal systems; the method of analysis and synthesis, which was used in the systematization of the current positions of the Supreme Court and the development of recommendations for changes to the legislation. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed to improve law enforcement, and we also propose to improve the regulatory regulation of the grounds for refusing open proceedings and returning the statement of claim: para 3 Part 1 of Article 186 of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine should be excluded from the grounds for refusing open proceedings in the case, instead, the presence of an identical claim should become a separate ground for returning the claim to the claimant by making appropriate amendments to Part 1 of Article 4 of Article 185 of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine.
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