INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL COMMODITIES AND MARKETS

Ukraineʼs dairy industry under martial law

Olena MOSHKOVSKA — 2024-12-16

The current military-political situation causes the emergence of fundamentally new risks for the functioning of the domestic dairy processing industry, which requires constant analysis of the situation and the development of strategic solutions that ensure the further development of the industry and the prospects for its recovery in the post-war period. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of the Ukrainian milk processing industry and determine the prospects for its development. The methodological basis of this study was an integrated approach, which combined the methodology of analyzing statistical data, facts of modern development of the milk processing industry, summarizing the information received and decomposing the elements of the strategy for the development of the domestic milk processing industry in conditions of martial law, which should ensure its further development. The crisis associated with the military-political situation in Ukraine is such a powerful factor of instability that, in fact, there is always the possibility of failure of any strategy, no matter how carefully the enterpriseʼs readiness to respond to the dynamics of the external environment is incorporated into it. At the same time, this crisis is not fatal for Ukrainian enterprises and does not pose an insurmountable destructive risk. Despite the difficult political and economic situation, the loss of territories, production capacity, human resources and raw material base, the Ukrainian dairy industry has demonstrated its ability to solve production, social problems, as well as problems related to ensuring the food security of the state and strengthening its competitive position in foreign markets and, under conditions of proper management, is capable of further development and rapid post-war reproduction. Under martial law, there is a high probability of further development of the domestic dairy processing industry, and the current state of the industry creates the prerequisites for the application of strategic decisions that will ensure its functioning in the current conditions and rapid recovery in the post-war period. This assumption will be made by analyzing the main trends in the development of the milk processing industry in Ukraine and determining the strategic aspects and prospects for the development of the milk processing industry in wartime conditions.

Strategic alliances in the pharmaceutical market

Maryna KORZH — 2024-12-15

Strategic cross-industry alliances between pharmaceutical companies and the IT sector in international market and their impact on the development of innovative business processes and competitiveness are studied. Theoretical approaches to defining strategic alliances are summarized, particularly their role in combining resources and technological capabilities of different industries. The main factors, risks, and threats that arise during the cooperation of pharmaceutical companies with IT companies are analyzed, and effective marketing strategies for minimizing these risks are also considered. The research is aimed at identifying key aspects of the development of international strategic alliances that help pharmaceutical companies integrate high-tech solutions to improve their activities, enter new markets and increase competitiveness. Special attention is paid to the potential involvement of Ukrainian pharmaceutical and IT companies in such alliances, fostering their international development. It is determined that international strategic alliances provide new opportunities for accessing innovative technologies, optimizing production processes, and expanding market prospects. Moreover, two main models of cooperation are considered: alliances between non-competing firms and partnerships between competitors, allowing pharmaceutical companies to improve management and production processes through cooperation with the IT sector.

Abnormal and normative cost indicators in the painting market

Volodymyr INDUTNYI — 2024-12-15

The article examines the issue of determining anomalous and normative value indicators on the painting market. This study is relevant, since quite often the calculated forecast value indicators of paintings differ significantly from the prices recorded as a result of their sale on the open market, and the reasons for such anomalous deviations are currently the subject of professional discussions. The purpose of the article is to present the results of studying the distribution of value indicators on the Ukrainian online painting market, demonstrate the possibility of identifying individual anomalous price groups for this type of product, and also describe the algorithm for calculating the predicted cost of paintings. The hypothesis is considered that based on the study of the distribution of value indicators of paintings, it is possible to identify an interval of samples whose cost is justified, as well as individual anomalous price groups of this type of product. The research methodology provided for: compiling a representative database of initial information on the cost of paintings, creating a regression mathematical model for predicting the value indicators of paintings, applying extrapolation procedures to predict the expected levels of deviation of forecast and actual value indicators. To achieve the goal, a database of initial information on 160 samples of paintings offered for sale on the Ukrainian online market has been created. The results of studying the distribution of specific value indicators of paintings are described. The possibility of identifying individual groups of anomalous value indicators of paintings in the created database has been considered. The possibilities of using extrapolation in the task of cost forecasting of paintings have been determined, and explanations have been given for the deviations between the observed and predicted value indicators on the market. Depending on the task facing the appraiser, the feasibility of identifying three main characteristics is shown – liquidation value, normative and maximum value within the available recorded information. An example of cost forecasting of a painting is given. The proposed algorithm for cost forecasting of paintings can be used in the areas of investment activities, forensic examination, risk insurance, collateral, auction business, and collecting.

Reforming the school nutrition system in Ukraine

Dariya BASYUK — 2024-12-15

The reform of the school nutrition system gains special significance during the period of martial law in Ukraine, as it becomes a manifestation of the stateʼs and societyʼs concern for the future generation, an important element of a safe and healthy educational environment, social protection for vulnerable segments of the population, as well as support for the psychological well-being of citizens through sufficient access to healthy nutrition. The purpose of this article is to summarize the theoretical and scientific approaches and practices of state management of school nutrition reform during 2021–2024, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of successful global cases of school nutrition reform and the determination of strategic priorities regarding the organization of nutrition. A set of theoretical and analytical methods has been used to study the school nutrition reform in Ukraine over the period of 2021–2024 and to determine its development prospects for 2023–2027. It proposes the hypothesis that utilizing critical analysis tools on the implementation results of the stages of the school nutrition reform, it is possible to identify in a timely manner its key strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as to form strategic directions for its improvement. The main stages of the implementation of the school nutrition reform in Ukraine have been analysed, the regulatory, managerial, personnel, technical and technological innovations that are incorporated into the modern strategy of organizing quality, safe, and balanced nutrition for students of general secondary education have been highlighted. The main achievements of the reform include a fundamental shift in approaches to the organization and technology of food preparation in school canteens, as well as the introduction of new models for organizing school nutrition. Considerable attention is paid to the development of the human resources potential of catering units of educational institutions by introducing a system of certification training, introducing new professional standards, improving working conditions, and developing methodological and information support to promote healthy eating practices. The prospective tasks of the reform up to 2027 in Ukraine are outlined and the results of the matrix analysis of the school nutrition reform are presented. Based on the results of analysis, prospective tasks and opportunities for enhancing the implementation pathways of the reform up to 2027 in Ukraine are outlined, as well as further steps in the regulatory and managerial activities of state executive bodies, local governments, and heads of educational institutions aimed at improving nutrition in educational institutions.

Lead generation in the language segment of the educational services market

Nadiia ІAZVINSKA — 2024-12-15

The dynamic development of the domestic market of language education services in the conditions of accelerating globalization processes necessitates the development and integration of theoretical and methodological support for the marketing activities of domestic enterprises. The specifics of lead generation and the leads conversion into sales in the language education services market are highlighted and solutions are proposed for improving marketing processes and increasing conversion rates. The hypothesis is formulated that the analysis and improvement of lead management at each stage of the sales funnel contributes to increasing conversion and customer loyalty. General scientific and special methods are used: systemic, analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, logical generalization. The tools and approaches to lead generation were analyzed and the most effective ones were selected; lead qualification models were systematized and analyzed, and the use of the Lead Scoring model was recommended for enterprises in the contemporary domestic language education services market; the sales funnel was developed; the factors of lead loss at different stages of the developed sales funnel were systematized and analyzed; solutions for keeping and promoting leads in the sales funnel were proposed and systematized.

Modification of cellulose and mineral fillers for paint and varnish materials

Тарас КАРАВАЄВ — 2024-12-15

To obtain high-quality materials and products for various purposes, it is necessary to ensure effective control of the complex physical and chemical processes that occur at the interface during the formation of the material structure. One of the key components of composite materials, such as coatings is fillers, which occupy most of the volume of these materials and significantly affect their structure and properties. The interaction between polar and non-polar phases, as well as the effect of surface energy on the physical and mechanical properties of composites, require further research to create stable and highly efficient systems. The aim of the article is to select water-repellents for modification of mineral and bio-based fillers, including cellulose, to ensure their effective incorporation into paint compositions including based biopolymer binders. The hypothesis assumes the suitability of Ukrainian mineral dispersed fillers and bio-based, including cellulose fillers. The researched materials include commercially available grades, as well as fillers obtained on the basis of ground coffee waste for use in thin-layer coating materials according to granulometric parameters, as well as after the necessary surface modification to ensure better compatibility with film formers (primarily biopolymers) in the coating structure. Optical microscopy, granulometric analysis, and determination of contact angles were used in the study. It was established, that stearic acid successfully modified calcium carbonate, achieving a wetting angle of 135°. Diatomaceous earth treated with XIAMETER PMX-0156 showed a maximum wetting angle of 147°, and coffee cake after treatment with Dynasylan 1175 showed 151°. For cellulosic fillers, XIAMETER MHX-1107 proved to be the best water repellent, effective without heat treatment, while spent coffee grounds required heat treatment for optimal modification. The research has established the optimal hydrophobic agents and processing conditions for bio-based fillers such as coffee cake and cellulose fibers. As a result, after chemical modification with silane compounds and heat treatment, fillers with high hydrophobic properties were obtained, which makes them promising for use in bio-based coating formulations.

Muffin technology using Vícia fába bean protein concentrate

Olena HRABOVSKA — 2024-12-15

The development of cupcake technology using legume protein concentrate and replacing part of the sugar with a natural sweetener is an urgent task. Given that legume proteins contain a significant amount of essential amino acids, which are almost absent in cereal flour proteins, adding legume protein concentrate to the recipe of flour confectionery improves the chemical composition and overall protein quality of the final product. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate and develop the technology of cupcakes with reduced glycemic and calorie content for special dietary consumption using Vicia faba bean protein concentrate. The subjects of the study are Vicia faba bean protein concentrate; a sweetener composition consisting of stevia extract and erythritol "Sweet Stevia" (1:1) Green Leaf; model cupcake samples. The organoleptic assessment of the quality of the samples was investigated by the method of profile analysis with an assessment of the intensity of individual characteristics on a 5-point scale and the construction of quality polygons. The cupcakes were evaluated by the glycemic index, which was calculated using the method developed by Dorohovich A.M. The general chemical composition and energy value of the studied cupcakes were determined using standard methods. The article substantiates and confirms the scientific hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of replacing part of the wheat flour with protein concentrate of Vicia faba beans and partially replacing part of the sugar with a natural sweetener to create a cupcake with reduced glycemic index and calorie content. Cupcake recipes with the replacement of 30, 40, 50% of flour with protein concentrate of beans were studied. The recipe for the "Stolichny" cupcake was taken as the basis. The organoleptic properties of the resulting cupcakes were evaluated using a 30-point scale and the area of quality polygons. The "Protein" cupcake with the replacement of 30% of flour with protein concentrate and 50% of sugar with natural sweetener "Sweet Stevia" had the best indicators. The social effect of implementing the developed cupcake technology is to provide the population with a product for daily consumption with reduced glycemic index and calorie content with a high content of vegetable proteins.

Low-lactose pumpkin-yogurt dessert: nutritional and biological value

Iryna ANTONYUK — 2024-12-15

The analysis of existing habitual diets and the presence of a large number of consumers with lactose intolerance actualizes the creation of products, in particular dessert ones, with a low lactose content, since the range of such products on the international and domestic markets does not satisfy existing requests. Based on the analytical review of information sources and the results of previous studies, a scientific hypothesis was formulated: the use of low-lactose raw materials and cystozira powder will allow creating dessert products with improved nutritional and biological value. The conducted studies were aimed at determining the nutritional and biological value of low-lactose pumpkin-yogurt dessert. The work used modern and standard research methods. The experimental data obtained are presented in SI units. The use of low-lactose yogurt, produced on the basis of secondary dairy raw materials, namely buttermilk, not only allows creating products with a low lactose content, but also contributes to increasing its nutritional and biological value. Yogurt contains a full set of essential amino acids, and the use of cystozira seaweed powder in pumpkin puree allowed to significantly improve the mineral composition of the dish. The technology of low-lactose pumpkin-yogurt dessert is presented, its nutritional and biological value is analyzed. It was determined that the sample of the developed product compared to the control has significantly higher levels of most nutrients: proteins – 94.6%, dietary fiber – 42.9%, potassium – 3.3 times, iron – 8.25 times. It is especially worth noting the significant increase in the content of iodine and selenium in the developed dessert. It is shown that the satisfaction of the daily need for iodine and selenium for the control sample is 1.3 and 12%, while in the developed product these indicators reach 100% when consuming 150 g of dessert. In the developed dessert, an increase in the content of essential amino acids was found twice and the calculated rate of essential amino acids was exceeded compared to the control product. It was also shown that the digestibility of proteins in the low-lactose dessert exceeds the control indicators, which indicates its high biological value. Based on the investigated indicators of the nutritional and biological value of the developed dessert, this product can be recommended for use in the diet of people with lactose intolerance, as well as for the prevention and correction of iodine deficiency states.