INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL COMMODITIES AND MARKETS

Consumer rights protection: changes in Ukrainian legislation

Nataliia PRYTULSKA — 2025-06-11

In modern practice, every person is a consumer throughout all his or her life. For guarantying an adequate level of health protection, safety and generally recognized consumer rights, and promoting their interests, the government of states must create, strengthen or support an active policy of consumer rights protection. In our country, the main legislative act regulating relations in this area is the Law of Ukraine "On Consumer Rights Protection". In order to bring national legislation on consumer protection closer to the EU legislative framework, harmonize the domestic system in this area with the international one, in particular, operating in the EU, an updated version of the aforementioned Law was adopted. It will enter into force one year from the date of its publication, but not earlier than the date of termination or cancellation of martial law in our country. At the same time, its analysis and ensuring a full understanding of certain provisions and innovations are relevant now. The research hypothesis is formulated – the implementation of the provisions of the adopted Law will contribute to improving the process and effectiveness of consumer protection in Ukraine, harmonization with the EU legislative framework in this area. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the new version of the Law of Ukraine "On Consumer Rights Protection", it was established that there are a significant number of new provisions that should contribute to the improvement of the process of consumer protection in Ukraine, harmonization with advanced norms and practices defined in the EU. It was investigated that the main innovations of the Law are the addition of the terminological base, the establishment of minimum warranty periods for the use of used products, the right of consumers to free visits to the sanitary facility in trade establishments, the need to adapt trade organizations to the needs of people with disabilities and representatives of low-mobility groups, the introduction of the practice of using the e-Buyer Portal in the field of e-commerce with an automated system of verified sellers, the prohibition of sending intrusive commercial messages, the improvement of the process of considering consumer appeals, including through out-of-court dispute resolution, and increased liability for violation of established requirements.

Barrier-free in customer service

Nelya MYKYTENKO — 2025-06-11

With the rapid development of society, in the context of great wars and armed conflicts around the world, the awareness, understanding and promotion of the resolution of problems faced by people with disabilities and citizens with limited mobility in general, aimed at their reintegration into the existing social space, is seen as a foundation for building a human-centred society. Since Ukraine is currently experiencing a terrible and bloody chapter in its history, the number of people with disabilities is increasing, the processes of urbanization are deepening and the population is "aging", the demand for barrier-free solutions is naturally growing. All of this serves as a catalyst for building an inclusive, harmonious society of equal opportunities, respecting the rights and dignity of each of its members. In such a society, no citizen should feel vulnerability and inferiority even at the level of meeting their basic needs, which brings forth new standards for barrier-free service for consumers. The research is based on the hypothesis that, despite the existing prerequisites for creating a barrier-free environment in Ukraine, there are still a significant number of gaps and barriers in the organization of barrier-free consumer services, the overcoming of which requires a synergistic approach from government bodies, business structures, and society as a whole. The working hypothesis has been tested using research methods such as abstraction, causal analysis, systemic-structural analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, field research, systematization and generalization, as well as a dialectical approach to understanding processes and phenomena. The barrier-free consumer service system includes 4 levels of barrier-free access: physical, informational, digital, and educational. In order to form an understanding of the state of development of barrier-free customer service, a diagnosis of leading retail and fast-food enterprises in Ukraine has been carried out, according to the results of which the compliance with accessibility requirements for service and the unused reserves of an inclusive approach to customer service was outlined. The flagship projects of the studied enterprises aimed at creating an accessible service space have been systematized. Recommendations for improving the barrier-free customer service on the basis of collaboration between the state, business and society are substantiated.

Predicting the value of mosaic works

Volodymyr INDUTNYI — 2025-06-11

The article describes the results of an analysis of the state of the modern world market for mosaic works and presents an algorithm for assessing the value of mosaics and financial losses from their loss or damage, which is especially relevant at present. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientifically based and effective algorithm for estimating the value of mosaic works and financial losses in the event of their loss or damage, as well as presenting examples of this work. The study is based on the hypothesis that, based on the analysis of the specific value indicators of mosaics exhibited on the open market, it is possible to develop a mathematical model for a scientifically sound and effective determination of the estimated value of mosaic works. The primary data base was arranged in the form of a table, which included information about mosaic works exhibited on the open market. The total number of mosaic works and decorative elements in the table of initial data was 108 randomly selected samples. The distribution of mosaic specific value indicators in the source database was analyzed, a regression mathematical model was created for predicting the value of mosaic works, and the pricing of abnormally expensive mosaic works was also considered. It was shown that reasoned cost forecasting does not lead to a single result, but allows it to be determined intervalically or in the form of an average (modal) value with a certain level of deviations. Moreover, the more useful information about the cultural monument is taken into account, the wider the range of predicted cost indicators. Examples of forecasting the value and calculating financial losses from the loss or damage of mosaic works are given, including an assessment of mosaics presented in the National Conservation Area "St. Sophia of Kyiv". Therefore, forecast indicators of the value of cultural monuments, based on the results of market research, can be used to determine the levels of financial losses caused to owners, as well as to the culture of Ukraine as a whole as a result of their destruction.

Market of enteral nutrition products: state and development trends

Andrii BAZAROV — 2025-06-11

The article investigates the current state of the enteral nutrition products market and identifies its main development trends. The studyʼs relevance stems from rising demand for specialized food products and the need to ensure their quality, safety, and compliance with declared characteristics to meet the needs of specific consumer groups. The research hypothesis is that the enteral nutrition market is experiencing steady growth, accompanied by product-range diversification, improved production technologies, and stricter quality requirements. The methodology involved a comprehensive analysis of secondary data: reports from leading international marketing agencies, food-safety and quality regulations, and a review and systematization of scientific publications in commodity science, food technology, and market research. The findings indicate a significant increase in market volume, an expanded assortment due to specialized and functional formulas, and heightened attention to quality control and certification. Key trends include the rise of organic and plant-based enteral nutrition products, the introduction of innovative packaging solutions, and stricter labeling and consumer-information requirements, all of which foster greater trust and more rational consumer choices.

Performance marketing: tools and KPI

Oleksii HOROBETS — 2025-06-11

The modern performance-marketing model is based directly on the correct choice of tools and evaluation of key performance indicators (KPIs), which allows for accurate and high-quality measurement of the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. The study examines the relevant performance-marketing tools, identifies the main KPIs for evaluating the effectiveness of advertising campaigns in terms of tools. The article formulates a hypothesis that the introduction of a model for cross-analysis of the effectiveness of performance marketing tools, which involves identifying the same KPIs in different tools, tracking them in parallel in a timely manner, comparing the effectiveness of their use by executives and adjusting actions based on the identified best practices, ensures an increase in the efficiency of marketing campaign management, improves the conversion of digital channels and increases the return on advertising investments. The scientific literature is analyzed, and the authorʼs own definition of performance-marketing is proposed. The difference between the brand marketing and performance-marketing models is analyzed and highlighted. The following performance-marketing tools are considered in detail: contextual advertising, social media advertising, email marketing, affiliate marketing, programmatic advertising, remarketing, SEO. A model of cross-analysis of the effectiveness of performance-marketing tools is proposed, which helps to increase the profitability of advertising campaigns of an enterprise.

National brand of Ukraine in the modern communicative environment

Ilona LEVYTSKA — 2025-06-11

A national brand helps countries to compete in the globalised world, create the necessary image, strengthen their positions in the international arena and attract new opportunities. It determines the perception of the state in the world and affects its economic prospects, tourism and investment attractiveness. Accordingly, the formation and development of a national brand is an important component of successful countries. Ukraine has also gone through its own path of creating its own brand, which was shaped by historical events, cultural achievements and international challenges. A hypothesis has been formulated that the formation of Ukraineʼs national brand is driven by historical, political, and economic factors, which contribute to shaping the countryʼs brand identity. The study used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, structural and logical, logical generalisation of results, and graphical. The beginning of the formation of the Ukrainian brand and the key stages of its development are determined. The PESTLE-analysis and SWOT-analysis of the national brand of Ukraine are carried out. A comparative analysis of the main concepts of branding in Ukraine is carried out. The brand identity models are studied. The "4Ц" model for the formation of brand identity in the digital environment is developed.

Systematic forecasting of product quality of spinning production

Andrii SLIZKOV — 2025-06-11

Forecasting product properties and managing its quality consists in ensuring and maintaining the required level of product quality starting from its development, production and operation or consumption. These measures are carried out through systematic control and specific action on the conditions and factors that affect product quality, to forecast its properties and manufacture products with specified properties. Forecasting tasks are directly related to the availability of adequate mathematical models of product properties change during its production process. The hypothesis of this work is that a systems approach is the basis for creating a modern approach to obtaining a mathematical model for predicting the properties and quality of fiber products. The article defines approaches to forecasting the properties of textile threads and products during production by applying system analysis and mathematical modeling. A general process algorithm and a structural and functional model of the elementary cell of the production process of transforming product properties are proposed. To determine the state of the technological system for the production of textile threads and products, methods of system analysis and mathematical modeling of product properties during its production process are used. Modeling of product quality management and forecasting systems includes a description of the sequence of processes and operations that form the properties of finished products and semi-finished products, and are aimed at ensuring, maintaining and improving product quality. Using a mathematical model, quantitative relationships between the quality indicators of finished products and the properties of derived raw materials, semi-finished products, technological equipment and management actions by the relevant authorities are determined. The use of mathematical models for predicting product properties and managing its quality allows you to pre-determine and evaluate the results of certain measures and select those of them that are most effective for implementation. The basis of a mathematical model for predicting the properties and quality management of textile products can be a model of the production transformation of derived materials into finished products.

Nutritional and biological value of biscuits with soy flour

Vitalii MIHAILIK — 2025-06-11

The need to provide the population with high-quality food products, especially socially vulnerable citizens, requires significant efforts to find sources of raw materials of high nutritional value available for mass nutrition, and its effective use. This determines the urgency of finding reserves of affordable food nutrients, ensuring balanced nutrition for the population of Ukraine, because psycho-emotional stress in the conditions of a pandemic, martial law is increasing, which leads to a weakening of human immunity, an increase in the number of cases of exacerbation of chronic diseases, etc. The purpose and objectives of the work are scientific justification and development of the technology of shortbread cookies with increased protein content. A scientific hypothesis has been formulated, which suggests that the use of low-fat soy flour in combination with wheat flour will improve the protein composition of shortbread cookies and increase their nutritional value. The modern approach to the development of food technologies, in particular flour confectionery, involves the search for alternative types of domestic raw materials, which are a natural source of biologically active substances that can directly affect metabolic processes and stimulate the protective functions of the human body. Such are soybeans and their processing products, including soybean flour. The prospects of using soy flour, in particular from soy beans, which is characterized by a high content of proteins, dietary fibers, minerals, especially Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, are obvious. The technology of "Nutritious" shortbread cookies using low-fat soy flour has been developed. Shortbread cookies [Shortbread cookies DSTU 3781:2014] were used as a control. Technolo¬gical studies have established that the rational concentration of low-fat soy flour in the dough for shortbread cookies is 15%. The organoleptic indicators of the cookie samples were evaluated on a 30-point scale and the area of quality polygons. Shortbread cookies "Nutritious" with the replacement of 15% of wheat flour with soy flour have organoleptic indicators close to the control sample. The protein content in it is 32% higher, fiber – 44% higher, Potassium – 93% higher, Calcium – 39% higher, Magnesium – 70% higher, Phosphorus – 35% higher, Iron – 60% higher. than in traditional products. Cookies "Nutritious" have an increased content of protein, dietary fiber and minerals and can be recommended to meet consumer demand and improve the nutrition of the population